Articles in This Issue
Abstract
تضمن هذا البحث دراسة انتاج خرسانة الزجاج ومقارنة مقاومتها مع خلطة مرجعیة تمثل خلطة کتل البناء الخرسانیة المحملة (البلوک). ان الهدف من البحث هو إعادة استعمال فضلات الزجاج وذلک بإبدال جزء من الرکام الناعم او جزء من الاسمنت أو أجزاء من کلیهما بفضلات الزجاج المطحونة الى مقاسات معینة ومن ثم دراسة مقاومة انضغاط الناتج النهائی. بینت النتائج بان مقاومة الانضغاط بعمر ( 28 )یوم للخلطة المرجعیة هی ( 42.3 ) میکاباسکال ولخلطات خرسانة الزجاج ( 3,2,1 ) هی على التوالی ( 39.1,40.9,39.2 ،) میکاباسکال ویلاحظ عدم ظهور فروقات کبیرة وملحوظة فی مقاومة الانضغاط بین الخلطات الأربع. بسبب امکانیة ابدال کمیات من الاسمنت او الرمل او کلیهما معاً بمسحوق فضلات الزجاج مع عدم ظهور فروقات کبیرة فی المقاومة فإن إنتاج خرسانة الزجاج یکون اقتصادیا مقارنة بالخرسانة الاعتیادیة التی تمتلک نفس المقاومة.
Abstract
تضمن هذا البحث دراسة انتاج خرسانة الزجاج ومقارنة مقاومتها مع خلطة مرجعیة تمثل خلطة کتل البناء الخرسانیة المحملة (البلوک). ان الهدف من البحث هو إعادة استعمال فضلات الزجاج وذلک بإبدال جزء من الرکام الناعم او جزء من الاسمنت أو أجزاء من کلیهما بفضلات الزجاج المطحونة الى مقاسات معینة ومن ثم دراسة مقاومة انضغاط الناتج النهائی. بینت النتائج بان مقاومة الانضغاط بعمر ( 28 )یوم للخلطة المرجعیة هی ( 42.3 ) میکاباسکال ولخلطات خرسانة الزجاج ( 3,2,1 ) هی على التوالی ( 39.1,40.9,39.2 ،) میکاباسکال ویلاحظ عدم ظهور فروقات کبیرة وملحوظة فی مقاومة الانضغاط بین الخلطات الأربع. بسبب امکانیة ابدال کمیات من الاسمنت او الرمل او کلیهما معاً بمسحوق فضلات الزجاج مع عدم ظهور فروقات کبیرة فی المقاومة فإن إنتاج خرسانة الزجاج یکون اقتصادیا مقارنة بالخرسانة الاعتیادیة التی تمتلک نفس المقاومة.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: In this study an attempt is made to derive governing equations satisfying equilibrium and compatibility, for multi-layer composite beams with different layers, materials properties and dimensions for linear material and shear connector behavior in which the slip (horizontal displacement) and uplift force (vertical displacement) are taken into consideration. The analysis led to a set of number differential equations containing derivatives of the fourth and third order, number of these equations depending on number of layers forming the beam section. The theory developed for three, four, and five layers. A general formula were derived to find the governing equations (compatibility and equilibrium equations) for any layered composite beam.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: In this study an attempt is made to derive governing equations satisfying equilibrium and compatibility, for multi-layer composite beams with different layers, materials properties and dimensions for linear material and shear connector behavior in which the slip (horizontal displacement) and uplift force (vertical displacement) are taken into consideration. The analysis led to a set of number differential equations containing derivatives of the fourth and third order, number of these equations depending on number of layers forming the beam section. The theory developed for three, four, and five layers. A general formula were derived to find the governing equations (compatibility and equilibrium equations) for any layered composite beam.
Abstract
Extracted asphalt from the sulphate asphalt springs in Heet area was prepared to study its properties and its also involve the study of UV and IR spectra of the natural samples and compared to the spectra of similar petroleum samples taken from Al-DORA Refinery .The study shows that the properties of natural asphalt have a great similitude with the asphalt samples resulting from refining Iraqi petroleum. Analysis of UV and IR for the asphalt sample show the existence of heavy organic compounds, that’s found in asphalt extracted from refineries that used for building and construction and for road pavements.
Abstract
Extracted asphalt from the sulphate asphalt springs in Heet area was prepared to study its properties and its also involve the study of UV and IR spectra of the natural samples and compared to the spectra of similar petroleum samples taken from Al-DORA Refinery .The study shows that the properties of natural asphalt have a great similitude with the asphalt samples resulting from refining Iraqi petroleum. Analysis of UV and IR for the asphalt sample show the existence of heavy organic compounds, that’s found in asphalt extracted from refineries that used for building and construction and for road pavements.
Abstract
Abstract The rapid development in computer technology helped to overcome the problem of accuracy improvement and accuracy assessment of high precision network. In this paper a study was conducted to evaluate and compare the accuracy of position through the area of error ellipses in case of using single base line and two base lines for geodetic monitoring network of Haditha Dam . The present paper purpose is to conclude that the use of additional baseline is an important part in the improvement of micronetwork accuracy and treats the weakness in the geometrical figures used.
Abstract
Abstract The rapid development in computer technology helped to overcome the problem of accuracy improvement and accuracy assessment of high precision network. In this paper a study was conducted to evaluate and compare the accuracy of position through the area of error ellipses in case of using single base line and two base lines for geodetic monitoring network of Haditha Dam . The present paper purpose is to conclude that the use of additional baseline is an important part in the improvement of micronetwork accuracy and treats the weakness in the geometrical figures used.
Abstract
Ramadi city is one of the cities that become need to Transportation planning studies , so its, last time have increase in population changed in social and economic state and have increasing in number of moving vehicles و which causes jamming in transportation network. For the purpose of study, the city was divided into 18 zones and data was collected through this zone. Data was related to socioeconomic characteristics of the population and field surveys were done for the base year (2000). The study has achieved building trip production model in Ramadi city, through find relationship between socioeconomic characteristics (car ownership, family income, employee no. , family no. , population, family size, time and cost trip, distance to the center and area of the dwelling). It was found that the number of families is the most influential variable to trip production model.
Abstract
Ramadi city is one of the cities that become need to Transportation planning studies , so its, last time have increase in population changed in social and economic state and have increasing in number of moving vehicles و which causes jamming in transportation network. For the purpose of study, the city was divided into 18 zones and data was collected through this zone. Data was related to socioeconomic characteristics of the population and field surveys were done for the base year (2000). The study has achieved building trip production model in Ramadi city, through find relationship between socioeconomic characteristics (car ownership, family income, employee no. , family no. , population, family size, time and cost trip, distance to the center and area of the dwelling). It was found that the number of families is the most influential variable to trip production model.
Abstract
AbstractThis paper describes a traffic behavior at merging (on-ramp) area in Baghdad city. The objective is to predict the acceptable and critical gap necessary for completing merging process in an on-ramp area for vehicles to enter the highway based on observed traffic data.Data were collected from two selected sites which had certain characteristics both operational and geometrical to fit the criteria needed for gap acceptance study which were presented hereinafter. These two sites were on-ramp sections at Mohamed Al-Qasim highway and the Army-Canal highway.Video-recording equipments were used to collect data. The observed data were analyzed, grouped, and processed using computer programs developed by the researcher for this purpose. Standard statistical analysis techniques were used to examine and analyze the observed data.Gap acceptance results are used to determine the critical gap. Critical gaps are playing main role to evaluate level of service and capacity at Highway merging sections. This study measures gaps in the major stream regarding to driver behavior for traffic stream in the merging area. It has been found that different types of drivers will accept different gaps, more aggressive drivers will accept smaller gaps and conservative drivers accept larger gaps.Keywords / Traffic behavior, Gap acceptance, Critical gap, Merging area, Highway capacity.
Abstract
AbstractThis paper describes a traffic behavior at merging (on-ramp) area in Baghdad city. The objective is to predict the acceptable and critical gap necessary for completing merging process in an on-ramp area for vehicles to enter the highway based on observed traffic data.Data were collected from two selected sites which had certain characteristics both operational and geometrical to fit the criteria needed for gap acceptance study which were presented hereinafter. These two sites were on-ramp sections at Mohamed Al-Qasim highway and the Army-Canal highway.Video-recording equipments were used to collect data. The observed data were analyzed, grouped, and processed using computer programs developed by the researcher for this purpose. Standard statistical analysis techniques were used to examine and analyze the observed data.Gap acceptance results are used to determine the critical gap. Critical gaps are playing main role to evaluate level of service and capacity at Highway merging sections. This study measures gaps in the major stream regarding to driver behavior for traffic stream in the merging area. It has been found that different types of drivers will accept different gaps, more aggressive drivers will accept smaller gaps and conservative drivers accept larger gaps.Keywords / Traffic behavior, Gap acceptance, Critical gap, Merging area, Highway capacity.
Abstract
The estimating of the preliminary costs of any suggested project is the essential base to determine the required budget which needs an experience and some previous data about the projects which constructed in the past but these data are not available for the Iraqi contracting companies , they depending on a few simple storage building . This research consists of study and analysis of fifty different size of storage building which had been built during (1994-2003). The differences in cost between these building are studied too, by comparing the cost between every building against other building. Depending on the available data and field study, the storage building is classified according to proposed conditions. As result there are suggested cost indices for the storage building, also the researcher use mathematical equations to determine the indices and the preliminary cost. The results of applying evaluation show the great ability in determining the preliminary cost
Abstract
The estimating of the preliminary costs of any suggested project is the essential base to determine the required budget which needs an experience and some previous data about the projects which constructed in the past but these data are not available for the Iraqi contracting companies , they depending on a few simple storage building . This research consists of study and analysis of fifty different size of storage building which had been built during (1994-2003). The differences in cost between these building are studied too, by comparing the cost between every building against other building. Depending on the available data and field study, the storage building is classified according to proposed conditions. As result there are suggested cost indices for the storage building, also the researcher use mathematical equations to determine the indices and the preliminary cost. The results of applying evaluation show the great ability in determining the preliminary cost
Abstract
The construction projects are designed and implemented according to the needs of the employer and according to reasonable program and cost, and if the employer is not the performer in this case he needs an experience constructor and adequate capacity to assume responsibilities for all phases of the project implementation .the challenges facing the construction industry in Iraq, especially in the current circumstances necessitate the workers serious thought in order to advance progress in construction area for the better. The research idea has crystallized on the subject (choosing the most appropriate tender) with a study of application case for construction projects in Iraq due to the emergence of tenders referral to bids least price or referral to certain companies without competition and consequently the emergence of serious problems including humanitarian problems and economic and otherwise. Since corruption in the contracts implementation and conclusion is a major disaster on the industrialized and developing countries a like , especially when bribe money is large and when man prefers money to values, the result will be poor construction quality, weak management and this what can be seen in construction sector in Iraq, the time being.
Abstract
The construction projects are designed and implemented according to the needs of the employer and according to reasonable program and cost, and if the employer is not the performer in this case he needs an experience constructor and adequate capacity to assume responsibilities for all phases of the project implementation .the challenges facing the construction industry in Iraq, especially in the current circumstances necessitate the workers serious thought in order to advance progress in construction area for the better. The research idea has crystallized on the subject (choosing the most appropriate tender) with a study of application case for construction projects in Iraq due to the emergence of tenders referral to bids least price or referral to certain companies without competition and consequently the emergence of serious problems including humanitarian problems and economic and otherwise. Since corruption in the contracts implementation and conclusion is a major disaster on the industrialized and developing countries a like , especially when bribe money is large and when man prefers money to values, the result will be poor construction quality, weak management and this what can be seen in construction sector in Iraq, the time being.
Abstract
This study was involved with the diffferent types of cracks and reptures that may occur in structures, also a practical case for a school building in Al – Ramadi city is presented in this work. Necessary and instantenuos ways for treatments were suggested in this study.It was obvious that this building needs to support footing .In addition, supporting the columns and concrete beams was included in the present work
Abstract
This study was involved with the diffferent types of cracks and reptures that may occur in structures, also a practical case for a school building in Al – Ramadi city is presented in this work. Necessary and instantenuos ways for treatments were suggested in this study.It was obvious that this building needs to support footing .In addition, supporting the columns and concrete beams was included in the present work