Construction delays are common problems in civil engineering projects in Arab countries. Because of the importance of this problem, the study reviewed many studies that dealt with the topic of delay in the construction projects of their countries.The study included the delay in projects in Iraq. Jorden, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria and Morocco. The projects included infrastructure facilities, public buildings, housing complexes, water treatment plants, sports facilities, water supply, roads. Quantitative method via a structured questionnaire was implemented in all these studies, the questionnaires were distributed to experienced project parties such as the owner, contractor, consultant and other parties. The relative importance method was used to analyze the results of the questionnaire to obtain the highest ten or five factors with the highest rank which cause delay. The results showed that the groups of contractor and owner has the highest percentage and were repeated several times compared to the rest of the groups.The top five factors causing delay of construction projects in Arab countries are, problems of cash flow and financial by owner, difficulties in financing the project by the contractor, Poor site management and supervision of the contractor, selecting the contractor who has the lowest bid and ineffective planning and scheduling by contractors
The construction projects are designed and implemented according to the needs of the employer and according to reasonable program and cost, and if the employer is not the performer in this case he needs an experience constructor and adequate capacity to assume responsibilities for all phases of the project implementation .the challenges facing the construction industry in Iraq, especially in the current circumstances necessitate the workers serious thought in order to advance progress in construction area for the better. The research idea has crystallized on the subject (choosing the most appropriate tender) with a study of application case for construction projects in Iraq due to the emergence of tenders referral to bids least price or referral to certain companies without competition and consequently the emergence of serious problems including humanitarian problems and economic and otherwise. Since corruption in the contracts implementation and conclusion is a major disaster on the industrialized and developing countries a like , especially when bribe money is large and when man prefers money to values, the result will be poor construction quality, weak management and this what can be seen in construction sector in Iraq, the time being.
Sustainable buildings reflect the interest rising of Urbanism sectors in issues of economic development, optimal utilization of natural resources and greater reliance on "renewable" sources of energy. The objective of the research is to identify and Diagnosis the priority of alternatives to sustainable projects with the of relative importance and to review the value engineering indicators in building and the possibility of applying sustainable building standards such as British Standards (BREEAM), US Standards (LEED), Pearl Rating System and Green Pyramid Assessment System. The research is based on four axes. The first axis is the foundations of architectural design to serve the optimum use of the available resources. The second axis is based on the methods of producing building materials with optimum use of natural resources; Third axis: The sustainable use of the building to achieve conservation of the environment using economical sources of energy, waste recycling and maintenance of the building according to the required specifications. The fourth axis, which means Using renewable energies to provide the building with the energy it needs. The literature and researches in the field of research work were reviewed, which included the concept of applying value engineering method in the sustainable buildings and the most important areas of their applications during the stages of completion of the project and what are the basic considerations that should be provided in the construction projects, Which represents the practical aspect in relation to the various stages of the field study, which includes aspects related to the field survey, through the preparation and Configure of questionnaires derived from the theoretical study and interviews and also focused on the indicators and areas of applications during the stages of the project (pre-construction stage, implementation stage, A maintenance and operation, post-construction phase (end of the age of the building) and what are the basic considerations that must be provided in the construction projects. The research provided this results: The Sustainable Buildings Projects location Selection Index is The most important indicators of value engineering for sustainable buildings where relative importance of it is 72%, according to the respondents' answers, conversely the architectural index, with its relative importance of 55%, while the electromechanical index was 68% and the constructional index by 65%. And the development of a waste management program during the process of construction and operation so that this program achieves the minimum recycling and the use of new alternatives to building materials drawing on what has been developed within other areas in the development of the construction industry.
The construction projects are designed and implemented according to the needs of the employer and according to reasonable program and cost, and if the employer is not the performer in this case he needs an experience constructor and adequate capacity to assume responsibilities for all phases of the project implementation .the challenges facing the construction industry in Iraq, especially in the current circumstances necessitate the workers serious thought in order to advance progress in construction area for the better. The research idea has crystallized on the subject (choosing the most appropriate tender) with a study of application case for construction projects in Iraq due to the emergence of tenders referral to bids least price or referral to certain companies without competition and consequently the emergence of serious problems including humanitarian problems and economic and otherwise. Since corruption in the contracts implementation and conclusion is a major disaster on the industrialized and developing countries a like , especially when bribe money is large and when man prefers money to values, the result will be poor construction quality, weak management and this what can be seen in construction sector in Iraq, the time being.
Constructions industry by their projects and works is regard one of the biggest and important industries in most countries, which most of construction projects needing large amounts of materials, goods and services from different types. It can easily be seen that there is a consistently higher rate for the construction projects in Iraq when compared with the country's other industrial Activities. Integrated supply chain management for procurement processes from planning through good administration to contract closeout give best value from purchasing, storage and delivery just in right amount and time. The objective of this research is to review the concept, definition, and benefits of ISCM for Procurement processes with assessing the implementation of such a procurement world class system for construction companies in Iraq through field survey and developing a "checklist" to investigate, record, weighting, and analyze the facts of existing procurement chain management of Al-Rasheed State contracting construction Company as case study. The research conclusions show that Al-Rasheed CO. implementation percentage of procurement management about 36.3%. where the management isn't aware of procurement management importance, so little knowledge about ISCM and its benefits for procurements processes to company and its projects, , therefore hasn't contrapuntal department for procurement . Several proper solutions were recommended to improve the existing supply chain management for procurement such as establishing procurement department, the role of leadership and commitment to procurement, documentation of ISCM, and proper database for vendors, materials, information and catalogs by modern Information's technology.
An essential part of managing construction projects is productivity estimation. The accuracy of the construction productivity estimate determines the management quality. This research established a multi-variable linear regression and another mathematical model for the same variables to assess the productivity of building projects using the logistic regression approach. Data from residential, commercial, and educational projects in various regions of Anbar was utilized in the research. Numerous dependent variables were chosen with care. These independent factors, which include age, experience, the quantity of work, level of execution, and security circumstances, may be divided into objective and subjective variables. The person-hour/unit and the cost/unit are two inputs to the system that are used to measure input/output, the parameter known as productivity. The first is used for procedures that need a large amount of labour and is focused only on labour. All impacts are combined in the second cost/unit. The researcher came up with an equation that contains the following factors (Health condition, equipment available, Security, labor, Quality work, morale, the material available, site condition, Experience, Weather, Height, and Age ).
ی This research aims to highlight the role of risks management in presenting a formalapproach to entry decisions to the markets of construction through the adoption of theanalytical hierarchy techniques, and simulation, as a technique in selecting particularrisk responses.To attain the aim of the research, special data which deal with the topic of risksmanagement, and their techniques, were collected from personal interviews ofspecialists of designers and executives of construction projects.The results of data analysis of samples have shown that risks of fluctuation of supplyand demand on materials, equipment or labor and changes in government policy are the most emerged risks with respect to qualitative assessment and the most highlight risksof relative importance are risks of changes in government policy and the fluctuation ofsupply and demand on materials and internal factors. And risk responses which arerepresented by contingency and specifying a clause in the contract which is concernedwith the changeable circumstances have gained the largest share of importance ascompared with other alternatives.In the light of what have been reached by the surrounded risks of the constructionproject, a management system has been constructed which can be adopted in qualitativeassessment of risks and in simulating this assessment ,so that can be depended on inquantitative assessment of risks through quantifying the influence of risks on projectcost by using simulation technique. To gain from the advantages of computer, acomputer program has been designed that depends on the bases of the managementsystems which have been suggested to be constructed.
This research aims to propose a new methodology of obtaining the basic solution of the transportation model, which is one of the operations research. Transportation model aimed to find the economic solution to the plan of allocation of products from production centers to consumption centers. One of the important issues of application the transportation model is the issue of transfer raw materials for construction projects (such as ready-mix concrete) and for which there is usually a set of options for production centers as there is always a group of consumption centers (construction sites). This application was chosen because of the wide use of it and due to its impacts on macroeconomic level. Started by reviewing the current methods of obtaining the basic solution of the transportation model, then the factors that are not taken into account in these methods have been identified and, accordingly, two methods have been developed to obtain the basic solution of the transportation model. The first method depends on the indicator of the biggest costs of transport between the centers, while the second method uses the cost multiplied by the amount transmitted (actual cost) as an indicator to determine the basic solution of the transportation model. Unlike other methods, this method considers all variables mentioned in the objective function. Finally, the proposal method has been illustrated by the use of an empirical example.
Value Engineering is one technique to distributed the resources fairly and perfect progress with honest meaning to decrease the expenditure , perform functions to improve the value element in project through decreasing the cost and developing the quality as well as choosing the better alternative to get the best quality . The research studies the value engineering technique by a field surveying and questionair submitted to different project personal in ALanbar government trough many stages beginning primary and finial design to construction project stage and the last operating and maintenance stage. Many site visits and personal interviews were carried out with their actual onsite experience on some of construction projects. Many useful conclusions and recommendations, one of them the researcher recommended to use the value engineering in contracts which have been support the economic national and save money to finance other projects.
This research concerns, with studying the proposed of a simulation program, which is related with the process of movement and handling of construction materials on site. to reduce the handling wastes cost. This research deals with all factors affecting construction materials movement on site. Through a proposed program, weakness points of the mentioned factors can be specified and treated either with an applied program or Administrative procedures. Detailed literature survey was performed, detailed field investigation, analysis of collected data, and interviews with selected and well qualified and experienced management personal representing a wide variety of construction firms and companies. The results obtained from the mentioned actions confirmed the research hypothesis. A computer program was prepared, to simulate all construction materials movement stages affecting the movement and handling of construction materials. The proposed program, includes and perform several functions such as , simulation of construction materials management activities, evaluation of the existing status, finding out management solutions and training aspects, that helps in training engineers, possessing little experience in managing construction materials on site. To examine the capability extent of applying the proposed program at the site, the program function applied on tow construction projects and to be examined by experts. The examination was illustrated the program efficiency to reduce movement and handling costs of construction materials. The research recommended the applications of the proposed program to get its benefits and to achieve the research objectives. Further and future researches were proposed, such as expert system to evaluate and develop the performance of construction management in the field of on site materials management.