Partial degradation of organic materials presented in sewage water had been conducted in the current research in a simulated sewer system. The process had been improved by aeration and seeding with activated sludge to reveal the effect of increasing the amount of biomass in the system. Three ambient temperatures were conducted as 10, 20, and 30 OC to display the influence of temperature on the degradation process. The results revealed that adding activated sludge to the system in a ratio of 50/50 (v/v) had a significant influence on the degradation as more microorganisms required more organic nutrients. In the other hand, increasing the operating temperature indicated positive influence in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal as temperature motivated the living biomass towards severe degradation.
Removal of reactive red dye (Cibacron Red FN-R) from simulated wastewater has been investigated as a function of solar advanced oxidation process. The photocatalytic activity using ZnO as a photocatalyst has been estimated. Different parameters affected the removal efficiency, including pH of the solution; initial dye concentration and H2O2 concentration were evaluated to find out the optimum value of these parameters. The results proved that, the optimal pH value was 8 and the most efficient H2O2 concentration was 100mg/L. Reduction of organic content for effluent solution was also monitored by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) to assess the degradation process. This treatment method was able to strongly reduce the organic content of reactive red dye-238 to 90% while the colour removal was 99%. It can be concluded, from these experiments, that the using of ZnO as a photocatalysis was exhibited as economical and efficient treatment method to remove reactive red dye-238 from aqueous solution by reducing its colour and COD value. Results were properly fitted to LH model.
Land cover assessment is a significant research area in GIS and remote sensing, aiding decision-makers in understanding land use changes' underlying forces and enabling effective actions. In general, Iraqi cities are experiencing severe degradation of agricultural lands due to population growth and residential development, impacting socio-economic and environmental quality. In addition, the deriving forces of transforming the lands from agricultural to other land cover types are not well understood. Research is needed to map and assess agricultural lands for better economic and environmental solutions. The study uses ANN-CA integration to predict agricultural land changes in Babil province, central Iraq. The CNN model achieved the highest accuracy, with a total land cover transformation of 2143.1 square kilometres between 2000 and 2020. the overall accuracy was 0.95, 0.93, and 0.90 based on images captured in 2020, 2000, 2010) respectively. This methodology is considered an efficient tool for monitoring agricultural lands and developing development plans in Iraq.
A novel electro-Fenton process based on Pd-catalytic production of H2O2 from H2 and O2 has been studied and examined recently for altering and degrading organic contaminants in different types of wastewaters. The study endeavors to synthesize an integrated catalyst by loading Pd onto the clay mineral,nontronite, (Pd/NTm) so that H2O2 and Fe(II) can be produced simultaneously in the electrolytic system. In an undivided electrolytic cell, rhodamine B, a probe organic contaminant, is degraded by 93% within 60 min under conditions of 50 mA, 1 g/L Pd/NTm, pH 3 and 20 mg/L initial concentration. A distinct mechanism, reductive dissolution of solid Fe(III) in nontronite by atomic H chemisorbed on Pd surface, is responsible for Fe(II) production from Pd/NTm.