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Go to Editorial ManagerMunicipal solid waste management in Syria remains primitive in many cases, both in terms of waste collection and disposal methods, particularly in areas that have experienced severe population density due to the war. Waste recycling processes are neglected, and waste is often disposed of in specific plots of land, often far from residential areas. This research aims to identify criteria related to decision-making for selecting the optimal site for a landfill, in line with the local context and Syrian conditions. This was achieved by reviewing several previous studies and interviewing local experts interested in this type of research. (21) criteria were identified and divided into (6) main groups: (environmental criteria, site-related criteria, external and weather conditions, economic and social criteria, and criteria related to sustainable transportation). The relative importance of these criteria was then calculated using the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP). After obtaining the weights, these criteria were used to evaluate the current site of the Safita landfill using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The evaluation results were very weak due to decision makers' neglect of many factors and conditions that must be met at the selected site. A set of recommendations and proposals were identified for consideration when selecting the optimal site for a landfill, consistent with the local context of the study area (Syria), and for improving existing sites.
A voided slab is an innovative type of reinforced concrete slab system developed recently, that has proven its excellence in terms of its structural, environmental, and economic benefits. The self-weight of a slab can be considerably reduced using different shapes of void formers like spherical, cubical, and donut. All researchers confirm that the self-weight of the slab decreases by up to 40%. Various researchers have carried out experimental and numerical studies for studying one-way flexural strength and punching shear strength of voided reinforced concrete slabs. However, the one-way or two-way flexural strength of the voided slab still needs to be acutely investigated. This paper deals with the survey on many titles of selected high impacted journals to illustrated almost criteria of investigations of these types of slabs. The main outcomes of this paper are the term environmental protection, sustainable and plastic waste reduction had a role not a little in this research, as 16% of the research on this topic were studied. Also, the plastic material governs the subject of the raw materials used to make the voids;43% of researches used this material.