The problem of solid waste is being emerged increasingly due to the increased quantity of solid waste as a result of population’s increase .From the point of view of environmental and energy concerns, it is preferable to reuse the organic and inorganic components of solid waste in order to minimize the cost. In this investigation, the possibility of using solid waste ash (SWA) as a partial replacement of cement and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete was studied. Samples of municipal solid wastes were collected were burring and changed to ash. A total of 50 cubes, 15 small cubes, and 30 cylinders, as well as 5 prisms were prepared .Various properties of solid waste ash are added to the cement mistures with percent's of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent by weight of solid waste ash. A concrete mix with a percent solid waste ash was used as reference. Pozzolanic activities of all mortars, and setting times of all pastes, and workability of all mixes were investigated .Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, absorption, and drying shrinkage for reference for reference and solid waste concrete specimens were investigated at various ages. Results demonstrate that the pozzolanic activity was within ASTM requirements for the cases of 5% and 10% ash replacement. For 15 and 20 percent replacement this activity was only slightly less than the ASTM value. The 90-day compressive strength rose, in comparison with control specimens, with 5 percent replacement and was only slightly lower at 10 percent replacement. In splitting tensile strength was at least equal to reference specimens for all replacement ratios. The rise in these values, over the reference specimens, ranged between 0 to 21 percent for the case of 20 and 5 percent replacement, respectively.
AbstractSolid waste data survey for the period from 1977 and 2002 has been collected andanalyzed, while the solid waste generated in six regions in Baghdad, which were selectedand estimated to be 1435 houses and 28643 households for the period 2000-2005 wasstudied. The growth of Baghdad's population, increasing urbanization and rising standardsof living have all contributed to an increase in both the amount and the variety of soliddomestic wastes.The amounts of waste generated and their sources, the type of materials in eachwaste stream, their properties, potential toxicity, and the hazards were evaluated. The lackof reliable time series on solid waste streams and rapid changes in the composition ofwaste streams are a serious impediment to setting priorities in solid waste management inBaghdad. The basic conclusions from this study are:-- The waste generated per capita in Rusafa, Kerkh and Baghdad increased from 0.32,0.46 and 0.354 kg/day in 1977 to 0.98, 1.37 and 1.11 kg/day respectively in 2002.- Municipal wastes in Baghdad have a higher proportion of organic matter and ash,higher moisture content and lower paper content. Organic matter and ash may account for between 76-89% of all wastes in low income settlements. Thepercentage of organic waste decreased from 91.17% in 1977 to 64% in 2002, whileplastic, paper, textile, metal, wood and glass wastes increased slightly at the sameperiod.- Collected solid wastes amounts were less than evaluated solid wastes amountsduring the period from 1977 to 2005 because of war and economic sanction.Keyword: SolidWaste management, Waste composition and characteristics, Baghdad city
Processed and natural clays are widely used to construct impermeable liners in solid waste disposal landfills. The engineering properties of clay liners can be significantly affected by the leachate from the waste mass. In this study, the effect of inorganic salt solutions on consistency and compressibility characteristics of compacted clay was investigated at different concentrations. Two type of inorganic salt MnSO4 and FeCl3 are used at different concentration 2%, 5%, and 10%. The Clay used was the CL- clay (kaolinite). The result shows that the consistency limits increased as the concentration of salts increased, while the compression index (Cc) decreases as the concentration increased from 2% to 5%, after that the Cc is nearly constant. The swelling index (Ce) tends to increase slightly as the concentration of MnSO4 increased, while it decreases as the concentration of FeCl3 increased.