The present research aims at the comparison of the production time between the manual and computerized surveying systems. The surveying system consists of data acquisition, processing and plotting the engineering plan and contouring .The current computerised system is designed and tested using the pulse Total Station instrument GPT-2006, P.C. computer, traverse network adjustment computer programs, Auto Cad 2005, 2010 and Surfer- 9 contouring program. The results of the current field experiments showed that the computerized surveying system offers a considerable savings in the data acquisition, processing and plotting times as compared with the manual surveying system, i.e. for traversing , the reduction in the production time is up to (84%), for plan ( up to 74%) and for contouring ( up to 84%). The practical applications of the current research are in the fields of civil engineering projects ( roads, buildings, etc.), irrigation and environmental engineering schemes.
Cadastral maps are an important component of land administration in most countries. In virtually all developed countries, the needs of computerized land and geographic information systems (LIS/GIS) has given urgent impetus to computerizing cadastral maps and creating digital cadastral data bases (DCDB). This process is creating many institutional, legal, technical and administrative problems. This desire to establish DCDBs is being given increased impetus due to a new range of enabling technologies such as satellite position fixing (GPS), improved spatial data collection techniques such as digital theodolites and "soft copy" photogrammetry, as well as a vast range of new information and communications technological tools, thus contributing to the advancement and keep up with the great countries. This paper presents the problem of cadastral maps. The hitherto existing cadastre, consisting of paper maps and land registers, is now becoming insufficient. Its shortcomings force developments leading to its improvement. One of the ways is the creation of a Land Information System. A digital cadastral map is the main component of this system. The structure and information content of the map is presented, its differences from analogue maps are shown, and the process of map creation is described. A digital cadastral map can be the basis for additional thematic layers, successively converting it into a complex system for management of administrative units.
To find the Reduced Level ( R.L.) by traditional methods especially by the precise methods , for example using the level , needs time , hard work and then high cost . By using the new technology like Global Positioning System (GPS) reduces the time , the work and the cost .But the highest accuracy still remains for the traditional methods , and approximately the same accuracy could be reached by using precise surveying receivers of GPS with precise methods .Because there are no surveying receivers ,a navigation receiver (Trimble Geo XT handheld receiver ) is used in this research to get the (R.L.) (height above the Mean Sea Level ( the Fao in Iraq )) in the used system in Iraq (Clarke – 1880) in the area where the measurements are done( the University of Technology ). The (R.L.) of points in any other area in Iraq ,and by any other system in other country could be found in the same method . In this method , the changing factor from the measured heights (HAE) on the World Geodetic System (WGS – 1984 ) in any determined area by using the above receiver to heights on ( Clarke – 1880) in the same area can be found . When the changing factor of any area is found, the measured height of any point in this area (HAE) by using a receiver of (GPS) could be changed to the height in (Clarke – 1880 ). Then the (R.L.) of this point could be calculated by adding the Separation or the Geoidal Height between the Ellipsoid and the Geoid for the point , and the reverse is possible also.
Value Engineering is one technique to distributed the resources fairly and perfect progress with honest meaning to decrease the expenditure , perform functions to improve the value element in project through decreasing the cost and developing the quality as well as choosing the better alternative to get the best quality . The research studies the value engineering technique by a field surveying and questionair submitted to different project personal in ALanbar government trough many stages beginning primary and finial design to construction project stage and the last operating and maintenance stage. Many site visits and personal interviews were carried out with their actual onsite experience on some of construction projects. Many useful conclusions and recommendations, one of them the researcher recommended to use the value engineering in contracts which have been support the economic national and save money to finance other projects.