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Go to Editorial ManagerMunicipal solid waste management in Syria remains primitive in many cases, both in terms of waste collection and disposal methods, particularly in areas that have experienced severe population density due to the war. Waste recycling processes are neglected, and waste is often disposed of in specific plots of land, often far from residential areas. This research aims to identify criteria related to decision-making for selecting the optimal site for a landfill, in line with the local context and Syrian conditions. This was achieved by reviewing several previous studies and interviewing local experts interested in this type of research. (21) criteria were identified and divided into (6) main groups: (environmental criteria, site-related criteria, external and weather conditions, economic and social criteria, and criteria related to sustainable transportation). The relative importance of these criteria was then calculated using the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP). After obtaining the weights, these criteria were used to evaluate the current site of the Safita landfill using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The evaluation results were very weak due to decision makers' neglect of many factors and conditions that must be met at the selected site. A set of recommendations and proposals were identified for consideration when selecting the optimal site for a landfill, consistent with the local context of the study area (Syria), and for improving existing sites.
Sustainable buildings reflect the interest rising of Urbanism sectors in issues of economic development, optimal utilization of natural resources and greater reliance on "renewable" sources of energy. The objective of the research is to identify and Diagnosis the priority of alternatives to sustainable projects with the of relative importance and to review the value engineering indicators in building and the possibility of applying sustainable building standards such as British Standards (BREEAM), US Standards (LEED), Pearl Rating System and Green Pyramid Assessment System. The research is based on four axes. The first axis is the foundations of architectural design to serve the optimum use of the available resources. The second axis is based on the methods of producing building materials with optimum use of natural resources; Third axis: The sustainable use of the building to achieve conservation of the environment using economical sources of energy, waste recycling and maintenance of the building according to the required specifications. The fourth axis, which means Using renewable energies to provide the building with the energy it needs. The literature and researches in the field of research work were reviewed, which included the concept of applying value engineering method in the sustainable buildings and the most important areas of their applications during the stages of completion of the project and what are the basic considerations that should be provided in the construction projects, Which represents the practical aspect in relation to the various stages of the field study, which includes aspects related to the field survey, through the preparation and Configure of questionnaires derived from the theoretical study and interviews and also focused on the indicators and areas of applications during the stages of the project (pre-construction stage, implementation stage, A maintenance and operation, post-construction phase (end of the age of the building) and what are the basic considerations that must be provided in the construction projects. The research provided this results: The Sustainable Buildings Projects location Selection Index is The most important indicators of value engineering for sustainable buildings where relative importance of it is 72%, according to the respondents' answers, conversely the architectural index, with its relative importance of 55%, while the electromechanical index was 68% and the constructional index by 65%. And the development of a waste management program during the process of construction and operation so that this program achieves the minimum recycling and the use of new alternatives to building materials drawing on what has been developed within other areas in the development of the construction industry.
AbstractSolid waste data survey for the period from 1977 and 2002 has been collected andanalyzed, while the solid waste generated in six regions in Baghdad, which were selectedand estimated to be 1435 houses and 28643 households for the period 2000-2005 wasstudied. The growth of Baghdad's population, increasing urbanization and rising standardsof living have all contributed to an increase in both the amount and the variety of soliddomestic wastes.The amounts of waste generated and their sources, the type of materials in eachwaste stream, their properties, potential toxicity, and the hazards were evaluated. The lackof reliable time series on solid waste streams and rapid changes in the composition ofwaste streams are a serious impediment to setting priorities in solid waste management inBaghdad. The basic conclusions from this study are:-- The waste generated per capita in Rusafa, Kerkh and Baghdad increased from 0.32,0.46 and 0.354 kg/day in 1977 to 0.98, 1.37 and 1.11 kg/day respectively in 2002.- Municipal wastes in Baghdad have a higher proportion of organic matter and ash,higher moisture content and lower paper content. Organic matter and ash may account for between 76-89% of all wastes in low income settlements. Thepercentage of organic waste decreased from 91.17% in 1977 to 64% in 2002, whileplastic, paper, textile, metal, wood and glass wastes increased slightly at the sameperiod.- Collected solid wastes amounts were less than evaluated solid wastes amountsduring the period from 1977 to 2005 because of war and economic sanction.Keyword: SolidWaste management, Waste composition and characteristics, Baghdad city